ICT's for Translation and Interpretation

A shortage of qualified linguists.
By 2020 there will be less linguists than now.
How to tackle these crisis?
Through education. build the gate between theoretical and practical knowledge.

Difficulties for the method learning.
Experience is vital in the learning process but is essential to learn "in context".

John Dewey: Dewey's methodological approach.

Graham Gibbs made a reflective cycle.

David A Kolb
1. New experience.
2. Reflective observation.
3. Abstract conceptualization.
4. Active experimentation.

Professionals experiences enables the students to learn more easily.
Materials that makes the learning experience more easy.

Empowering students and fostering team-work and professional skills.
The wiki tool. Support a collaborative construction of knowledge
VLE: Virtual Learning Environment.
Can also be used to make learners play different roles and considered different perspectives.

App's

What makes an experience authentic?
When you have a critical reflection and you can use that experience for learning and improve your skills.

The role of ICT sector in expanding economic opportunity

The pioneers in addressing needs.
The data network was inexistent.

-Fundamental role of ICT In modern economy.
Reduce transactions costs, offer immediate connectivity.
*Obstacles:
- Geographic isolation.
- Lack of competition and high prices
- Low prices for producers

POWER-CONNECTIVITY-CONTENT

Low-income households.
ICT become cheaper and more powerful. The economic opportunity expands.

Small and medium-sized enterprises.
Are already a powerful economic ICT'S
You don't have to spend a lot of money.

Innovation blowblack.
when you create something and is innovating and someone uses to create another innovating thing.

Business Strategies for the ICT Sector Expanding Economic Opportunity.

ICT companies can expand economy opportunity. For example Google.

-Creating inclusive business models.

There are two:
-Horizontal depending and vertical depending.
 Adding new costumers.

- Vertical depending: Seek to grow markets by connecting technology more directly opportunities.

-Mobile telephony: it can substitute for travel, have and keep social business.

Developing human capital.
- Access and infrastructure.
- Standards setting.
- Intellectual regimes.

Valentine's Day

 

 Origin

Having a particular Valentine's Day is a very old tradition, thought to have originated from a Roman festival.
The Romans had a festival called Lupercalia in the middle of February - officially the start of their springtime.
It's thought that as part of the celebrations, boys drew names of girls from a box. They'd be boyfriend and girlfriend during the festival and sometimes they'd get married.
Later on, the church wanted to turn this festival into a Christian celebration and decided to use it to remember St Valentine too.
Gradually, St Valentine's name started to be used by people to express their feelings to those they loved.

 The Meaning

The day gets its name from a famous saint, but there are several stories of who he was.
The popular belief about St Valentine is that he was a priest from Rome in the third century AD.
Emperor Claudius II had banned marriage because he thought married men were bad soldiers. Valentine felt this was unfair, so he broke the rules and arranged marriages in secret.
When Claudius found out, Valentine was thrown in jail and sentenced to death.
There, he fell in love with the jailer's daughter and when he was taken to be killed on 14 February he sent her a love letter signed "from your Valentine".

Characteristics

 Critic

For me this is just another normal day. Sometimes I celebrate it with my friends. I think that to prove to someone that you love him, you can do it everyday and not only this special day.

 

Factors affecting teachers use of ICT

• Computer as a classroom tool.

The use of ICT in education.

Non-manipulate school for teachers factors:

• Theory of planned-behavior: attitude, norm, control, intention, behavior.

Bauer and Kenton (2005) they made a study ab out technology integration in the schools.

Level of an accessibility of the ICT infrastructure.

Results 57% had computer at home and 33% had access to computers at home.

Mumtaz: lack of time. 82% agreed.

Available support to computer using teacher in the work place.

The National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education

School Culture: can be defined as the basic assumptions, norms and values and cultural artifacts that are shared by school members.

Available support to computer using teacher in the work place.
The National Council for the Acreditation of Teacher Education in 1997 reported the lack of technical support as one of the major barries that resulted in computers being underutilized in the classes.

Computer Attributes
The caracteristic of innovation as perceived by individual in social sistem affect on the rate of adoption.

Level and quality of treaning for teachers.
Inadequate preparation to use technology is one of the reasons that teachers do not systematically use computers in their classes.

Several factors such as a positive ICT attitude, computer experience and personal entrepreneurship of the teacher educator have a direct positive influence on the innovate use of ICT by the teacher.

Having a recognition system for innovate and effective use of ICT integration in schools will motive teachers  to use ICT in teaching.

Information and Communication Technology

4C's of ICT

- Computing

- Connectivity

- Content

- Capacity

Goal or targets: 

- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

- Achieve universal primary education.

- Promote gender equality and empower women.

- Reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat aids and other diseases.

- Ensure environmental sustainability.

ROLE OF ICT

- Access to market information and reduce transaction costs.

- Increase supply of trained teachers and broaden availability of quality educational materials.

World summit on the Information Society

-Connect villages.

- Connect universities, colleges etc

- Connect scientific and research centers

- Connect public libraries, cultural centers and museums

- Connect health centers and hospitals

- Connect all local and central government departments

- Ensure that all of the worlds population have access to telecommunications services.

ICT Challenges:

-Awareness

-Availability

-Accessibility

-Afford ability

Hardware and software cost: afford ability is a prime factor in digital divide.

Connectivity costs:

Shared access model: pay as you use

Broadband:flat-rate

Robustness: telecommunications equipment is designed to have five 9s”

Content:

- Passive consumption of content

- Active production of information

- Usability and interface

- The use of ICT requires a level of literacy, both lingual and technical. We need to transform complex technologies into user-friendly

Security:

Is a concern even for uninformed or unaware end-users, it places an implicit cost on all transaction. Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT)

The Internet of the future must be:

- Trustworthy

- Reliable

- Globally inclusive

- Vendor neutral

- Easy to use

- Affordable

- Able to change rapidly

- Innovative and capable of significant expansion

- Transparently and well managed

Regulation and policy:

Many developing countries regulate ICT restrictively.

Wireless: access to technologies hold great promise for develop regions given low usage densities and limited legacy.

Digital information and broadcasting: can be easily and there is already widespread usage of digital tv and even digital radio.

Electronic era

ELECTRONIC ERA 

1946 to 1957

- Electronic devices
- The transistor period, the integrated circuits period and computer processor period.
- Electronic numerical integrator computer: first electronic and general purpose computer.
- Transistor (1947) electronic device, lightweight and faster, first full transistor computer.
- Integrated circuit: it revolutionized the use of computers and electronic devices, faster operating speed, invented by Jack Kilby.
- The computer processor: fast paced development an innovation on personal computer, productivity, entertainment, communication.
Made by Pier Georgio and Don Estridge.

Electromechanical era

Electromechanical era

1840 to 1940
- The discovery of ways to control and use of electricity.
- Colossus machine: the first electronic calculating devices
the beginnings of telecommunications: voltaic battery telegraph, telephone and radio.
- Mark 1 the first complete Turing created by IBM In  1939-1944.
- Telegraph: invented by Samuel F.J Morse in 1832.
- Voltaic Pile: Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic pile wich is considered to be the first source of stored electricity in the 8th century.
- Telephone and Radio: the first successfully bi-directional transmission of clear speech by Bell and Watson was made on 10 March 1876. 

Mechanical era

 Mechanical era

John Napier introduced logarithms.
In 1642 Blaise Pascal created the calculator.
In 1694 Goottfried Wilhem von Leibniz created a machine that could also multiplicate.
In 1822 Charles Babbage created a machine to perfom differential equations, called a Diference Enginee.
Ada Augusta Lovelace created the first programme. 

Premechanical era

Premechanical era

The time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.C. Humans first started communicating by using picture drawings known as petroglyths. Phoenician alphabet was developed.

The Chinese made paper from rags.

Around 100A.C. was when people from India created the first 1-9 system.  Until 875A.C. the number 0 was invented.

The abacus was created.